Therapeutic Interventions in Long COVID: Phase-Specific Strategies for Family Physicians
Author: Based on original work by Dr Graham Exelby, with contributions from Dr Valerio Vittone (PhD) Date: September 05, 2025 Purpose:...
Graham Exelby
5 min read
Pericyte and Astrocyte Dysfunction in Long COVID: Key Insights for Family Physicians
Author: Based on original work by Dr Graham Exelby Date: September 05, 2025 Purpose: This summary distils the complex role of...
Graham Exelby
3 min read
Long COVID Beyond the Acute Phase: Key Insights for General Practitioners
Author: Based on original work by Dr Graham Exelby, revised by Dr Valerio Vittone (PhD), reviewed by Dr Jonathon Jenkins Date:...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
Therapeutic Interventions in Long COVID: A Guide for Patients to current research
Author: Based on original work by Dr Graham Exelby, with contributions from Dr Valerio Vittone (PhD) Date: September 05, 2025 Purpose:...
Graham Exelby
3 min read
Long COVID: Inflammation, Hypoxia, Pericytes, Astrocytes, and Chronic Disease – A Patient Guide
Author: Based on original works by Dr Graham Exelby, Dr Valerio Vittone (PhD) Date: September 05, 2025 Purpose: This guide combines...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
Origin of Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS and Long COVID: A Dual-Gate Hypothesis Linking Mechanical and Molecular Initiation
Dr. Graham Exelby June 2025- a Preliminary Paper Abstract Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) frequently presents after...
Graham Exelby
9 min read
Lymphatic Obstruction in POTS, CFS, and Long COVID: A Call for Integrated Therapeutic Approaches
- Unblocking the Invisible Network: Fascia, Mast Cells, and the Clinical Relevance of Lymphatic Obstruction in Complex Syndromes Dr...
Graham Exelby
16 min read
Mast Cell Activation as a Driver of Central Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia
Mechanistic Hypotheses and the Role of Collagenase and RAGE Activation Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Mast cell activation is...
Graham Exelby
9 min read
Neurovascular-Endocrine Dysfunction as a Core Axis in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia
The interplay between intracranial venous congestion, brainstem hypoperfusion, and HPA axis dysfunction Dr Graham Exelby May 2025...
Graham Exelby
18 min read
Neurometabolic Modelling of PEM and Central Sensitisation
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Post-exertional malaise (PEM) and central sensitization are defining features of POTS, ME/CFS, Long...
Graham Exelby
10 min read
Mould, Sustained Stress, and PTSD Converge on the RAGE–TLR4 Axis: A Unifying Model of Neuroimmune Dysregulation
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Chronic mould exposure, sustained psychological stress, and PTSD have emerged as key environmental...
Graham Exelby
40 min read
Locus Coeruleus Hypoperfusion and Noradrenergic Vasospasm: A Central Mechanism in Dysautonomia and Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Brainstem hypoperfusion is increasingly recognized as a unifying feature in dysautonomic syndromes...
Graham Exelby
17 min read
Intracranial Hypertension, Venous and Lymphatic Flow Dysfunction- the Core Hydraulic Dysfunctions
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), particularly in the context of Long COVID, ME/CFS,...
Graham Exelby
56 min read
Hydraulic and Vascular Autonomic Dysregulation in POTS- The Modified Geddes Baroreceptor Hypothesis
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) reflects a multifactorial disruption of vascular,...
Graham Exelby
10 min read
Dysautonomia as a Neuroimmune–Metabolic Disorder: A Unified Model Linking TLR4 Activation, Brainstem Hypoxia, and Autonomic Plexus Dysfunction
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Contents: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Section 1- Linking Immune dysregulation to Metabolic,...
Graham Exelby
30 min read
Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS
Dr Graham Exelby April 2025 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: A Shift Toward Root-Cause POTS Management 2. Hypoxia as the Common...
Graham Exelby
12 min read
GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID
Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Abstract GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous...
Graham Exelby
13 min read
Heat and Cold Intolerance
Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Temperature intolerance is a common symptom in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and often...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-
Dr Graham Exelby. December 2024, revised February 2025 Introduction Post-exertional malaise (PEM) represents a multifactorial challenge...
Graham Exelby
25 min read
Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID
Dr Graham Exelby September 2024 Brainstem hypoperfusion, coat hanger pain and PEM have similar pathogenesis, and are found in that same...
Graham Exelby
61 min read
