Research Library

Research in COVID-19 has answered many of the questions that kept popping up in POTS, Fibromyalgia and similar conditions- how a virus (or trauma, mould, parasites, sustained stress) can activate threat receptors (Toll-like receptors, or TLRs) which then activate Mast Cells that are responsible for the cytokine storm that is what happens in COVID.

Presented below are our latest research articles:

Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology

Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Hypoxia-induced RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) activation emerges as a unifying...

Graham Exelby

Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS

Dr Graham Exelby April 2025 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: A Shift Toward Root-Cause POTS Management 2. Hypoxia as the Common...

Graham Exelby

Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS,CFS, Fibromyalgia, Long COVID and GWS -a Key Role

Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Brainstem hypoperfusion represents a unifying and upstream pathophysiological mechanism in postural...

Graham Exelby

Brain SPECT Changes in POTS, CFS, FMS and Long COVID

Dr Graham Exelby April 2025 A critical confirmation of the brainstem hypoperfusion and variable hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion seen in...

Graham Exelby

POTS Part 2 Pathophysiology

The Unifying Hypotheses to understand the processes Driving POTS, how hypoxia, neuroimmune Dysregulation and Autonomic Dysfunction in...

Graham Exelby

POTS Part 5 Comorbidities

Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Introduction to POTS Comorbidities Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) exists not as an isolated...

Graham Exelby

POTS Part 4 Symptoms

Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Introduction Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) can be conceptualized as a disorder of...

Graham Exelby

POTS Part 3 Activators

Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Abstract Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a heterogenous dysautonomic...

Graham Exelby

POTS Part 1: Epidemiology and Overview

Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Part of major review of POTS based on causes, drivers demonstrating the linking between inflammation, immune...

Graham Exelby

GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID

Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Abstract GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous...

Graham Exelby

Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID and Fibromyalgia

Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Abstract Central sensitization, characterized by increased responsiveness of the central nervous system...

Graham Exelby

Lymphatic and CSF Canalicular Systems

due for release January 1 2025

Graham Exelby

Heat and Cold Intolerance

Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Temperature intolerance is a common symptom in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and often...

Graham Exelby

Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-

Dr Graham Exelby. December 2024, revised February 2025 Introduction Post-exertional malaise (PEM) represents a multifactorial challenge...

Graham Exelby

References for Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat Hanger Pain and PEM.

Graham Exelby September 2024 References: 1. Hira, R et al. Objective Hemodynamic Cardiovascular Autonomic Abnormalities in...

Graham Exelby

Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID

Dr Graham Exelby September 2024 Brainstem hypoperfusion, coat hanger pain and PEM have similar pathogenesis, and are found in that same...

Graham Exelby

Mould, Sustained Stress and PTSD in Immune Dysregulation

Dr Graham Exelby September 2024 In the complex pathophysiology that lies beneath POTS, Fibromyalgia and their comorbidities, persistent...

Graham Exelby

Intracranial Hypertension- the Link betweenVascular and CSF Dysfunction

currently in pre-release form being peer-reviewed, this discusses the link between the pressure experienced in POTS, FMS and ME/CFS and...

Graham Exelby

Amino Acid, Essential Vitamin and Mineral Burn off in Post Exertional Malaise

A Preliminary Study -September 2024, currently being peer-reviewed Dr Graham Exelby Brainstem hypoperfusion, coat hanger pain and PEM...

Graham Exelby

The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification

Your genetics determine if the body can clear toxins efficiently. Dr Valerio Vittone (PH.D) January 2023 Clearance of toxic compounds...

Graham Exelby

Research Library

Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology

Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS

Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS,CFS, Fibromyalgia, Long COVID and GWS -a Key Role

Brain SPECT Changes in POTS, CFS, FMS and Long COVID

POTS Part 2 Pathophysiology

POTS Part 5 Comorbidities

POTS Part 4 Symptoms

POTS Part 3 Activators

POTS Part 1: Epidemiology and Overview

GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID

Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID and Fibromyalgia

Lymphatic and CSF Canalicular Systems

Heat and Cold Intolerance

Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-

References for Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat Hanger Pain and PEM.

Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID

Mould, Sustained Stress and PTSD in Immune Dysregulation

Intracranial Hypertension- the Link betweenVascular and CSF Dysfunction

Amino Acid, Essential Vitamin and Mineral Burn off in Post Exertional Malaise

The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification

Categories

Articles

Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology

Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS

Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS,CFS, Fibromyalgia, Long COVID and GWS -a Key Role

Brain SPECT Changes in POTS, CFS, FMS and Long COVID

POTS Part 2 Pathophysiology

POTS Part 5 Comorbidities

POTS Part 4 Symptoms

POTS Part 3 Activators

POTS Part 1: Epidemiology and Overview

GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID

Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID and Fibromyalgia

Lymphatic and CSF Canalicular Systems

Heat and Cold Intolerance

Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-

References for Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat Hanger Pain and PEM.

Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID

Mould, Sustained Stress and PTSD in Immune Dysregulation

Intracranial Hypertension- the Link betweenVascular and CSF Dysfunction

Amino Acid, Essential Vitamin and Mineral Burn off in Post Exertional Malaise

The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification

Long COVID Immune Dysfunction

Management of Long COVID Cognitive Impairment

Causes of Long COVID Cognitive Impairment

Breaking Through in POTS and Long Covid

Management of Fibromyalgia and Co-Morbidities

Fibromyalgia Syndrome and the Linking with POTS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-References

Fibromyalgia Syndrome and the Linking with POTS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome- Part 1

Fibromyalgia Syndrome and the Linking with POTS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Part 2

Fibromyalgia Syndrome and the Linking with POTS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Part 3

Fibromyalgia Syndrome and the Linking with POTS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Part 4

Intra-Abdominal Vascular Compression Syndromes

Internal Jugular Vein Dysfunction- Jugular Outlet Syndrome, Internal Jugular Vein Stenosis and Obstruction

Intracranial Hypertension, Intracranial Hypotension and Craniovascular Pressure Change

The Glymphatic System

Cervical Spine Abnormality, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Vertebral Vascular and Lymphatic Dysfunction

Low Glutamate Diet

Managing POTS

DNA Mutations that Underpin POTS and Long Covid

QT Prolongation

Heart Rate Variability

DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid-Practitioner version MCAS Conference- April 2 2023-

DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid- Patient version-MCAS Conference- April 2 2023

Nigella Sativa in COVID

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

Low Dose Naltrexone, Ketotifen and other Mast Cell Treatments

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (incorporating Costoclavicular Syndrome)

Migraine

A 50 Year Journey in Medicine