

Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Hypoxia-induced RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) activation emerges as a unifying...
Graham Exelby
19 min read
32 views
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Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS
Dr Graham Exelby April 2025 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: A Shift Toward Root-Cause POTS Management 2. Hypoxia as the Common...
Graham Exelby
12 min read
487 views
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Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS,CFS, Fibromyalgia, Long COVID and GWS -a Key Role
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Brainstem hypoperfusion represents a unifying and upstream pathophysiological mechanism in postural...
Graham Exelby
24 min read
53 views
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Brain SPECT Changes in POTS, CFS, FMS and Long COVID
Dr Graham Exelby April 2025 A critical confirmation of the brainstem hypoperfusion and variable hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion seen in...
Graham Exelby
1 min read
56 views
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POTS Part 2 Pathophysiology
The Unifying Hypotheses to understand the processes Driving POTS, how hypoxia, neuroimmune Dysregulation and Autonomic Dysfunction in...
Graham Exelby
5 min read
52 views
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POTS Part 5 Comorbidities
Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Introduction to POTS Comorbidities Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) exists not as an isolated...
Graham Exelby
2 min read
49 views
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POTS Part 4 Symptoms
Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Introduction Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) can be conceptualized as a disorder of...
Graham Exelby
1 min read
30 views
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POTS Part 3 Activators
Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Abstract Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a heterogenous dysautonomic...
Graham Exelby
3 min read
24 views
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POTS Part 1: Epidemiology and Overview
Dr Graham Exelby March 2025 Part of major review of POTS based on causes, drivers demonstrating the linking between inflammation, immune...
Graham Exelby
2 min read
39 views
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GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID
Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Abstract GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous...
Graham Exelby
13 min read
1,661 views
1 comment


Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID and Fibromyalgia
Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Abstract Central sensitization, characterized by increased responsiveness of the central nervous system...
Graham Exelby
29 min read
185 views
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Lymphatic and CSF Canalicular Systems
due for release January 1 2025
Graham Exelby
1 min read
41 views
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Heat and Cold Intolerance
Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Temperature intolerance is a common symptom in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and often...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
100 views
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Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-
Dr Graham Exelby. December 2024, revised February 2025 Introduction Post-exertional malaise (PEM) represents a multifactorial challenge...
Graham Exelby
25 min read
527 views
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References for Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat Hanger Pain and PEM.
Graham Exelby September 2024 References: 1. Hira, R et al. Objective Hemodynamic Cardiovascular Autonomic Abnormalities in...
Graham Exelby
21 min read
117 views
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Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID
Dr Graham Exelby September 2024 Brainstem hypoperfusion, coat hanger pain and PEM have similar pathogenesis, and are found in that same...
Graham Exelby
61 min read
533 views
1 comment


Mould, Sustained Stress and PTSD in Immune Dysregulation
Dr Graham Exelby September 2024 In the complex pathophysiology that lies beneath POTS, Fibromyalgia and their comorbidities, persistent...
Graham Exelby
35 min read
149 views
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Intracranial Hypertension- the Link betweenVascular and CSF Dysfunction
currently in pre-release form being peer-reviewed, this discusses the link between the pressure experienced in POTS, FMS and ME/CFS and...
Graham Exelby
1 min read
117 views
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Amino Acid, Essential Vitamin and Mineral Burn off in Post Exertional Malaise
A Preliminary Study -September 2024, currently being peer-reviewed Dr Graham Exelby Brainstem hypoperfusion, coat hanger pain and PEM...
Graham Exelby
62 min read
279 views
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The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification
Your genetics determine if the body can clear toxins efficiently. Dr Valerio Vittone (PH.D) January 2023 Clearance of toxic compounds...
Graham Exelby
7 min read
137 views
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