Mermaid Central Medical Clinic Research

Sharing research in Long COVID, POTS, fibromyalgia and other areas

Origin of Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS and Long COVID: A Dual-Gate Hypothesis Linking Mechanical and Molecular Initiation

Dr. Graham Exelby June 2025- a Preliminary Paper Abstract Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) frequently presents after...

Graham Exelby

9 min read

Malignancy Risk in Long COVID

Overview for GPs Dr Graham Exelby June 2025 Overview: Emerging data and clinical experience suggest a potential increase in malignancy...

Graham Exelby

3 min read

Telmisartan and Candesartan in Mitigating Cognitive Impairment in Long COVID

Dr Graham Exelby May 2024, revised May 2025 Abstract Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), particularly telmisartan and candesartan,...

Graham Exelby

13 min read

The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification

Your genetics determine if the body can clear toxins efficiently. Dr Valerio Vittone (PH.D) January 2023 Clearance of toxic compounds...

Graham Exelby

7 min read

Managing POTS

May 2024 Dr Graham Exelby Currently under review and peer review to accommodate new findings, and will be incorporated into the...

Graham Exelby

44 min read

DNA Mutations that Underpin POTS and Long Covid

May 2024 Dr Graham Exelby Dr Valerio Vittone - Dr Vittone has a PhD Medicine (SYD 2008) BSc Hons (UNSW): Topic: Virology and Molecular...

Graham Exelby

39 min read

DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid-Practitioner version MCAS Conference- April 2 2023-

By Dr Valerio Vittone Screendumps from Dr Vittone's presentation at the MCAS Conference April 2023

Graham Exelby

1 min read

DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid- Patient version-MCAS Conference- April 2 2023

by Dr Valerio Vittone These are "screendumps" of the patient presentation by Dr Vittone at the MCAS Conference April 2023. I apologize...

Graham Exelby

1 min read

Articles Categories

Articles List

The Systemic Consequences of STAT3 Dysregulation in Long COVID:

Long COVID and Autism Spectrum Disorder- a Shared Pathophysiology-

Long COVID Progression- the Transitioning of Cytokine Dysregulation to Cellular Suicide

Extracellular Matrix Toxicity and Post-Exertional Malaise

Fascial-Lymphatic Obstruction and Brainstem Hypoxia in Long COVID and POTS

Origin of Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS and Long COVID: A Dual-Gate Hypothesis Linking Mechanical and Molecular Initiation

Malignancy Risk in Long COVID

POTS Comorbidities- by Functional Domain

RAGE: A Central Amplifier in POTS

POTS Activators – Clinical Overview with Mechanistic Insights

POTS Symptoms Overview

Telmisartan and Candesartan in Mitigating Cognitive Impairment in Long COVID

Lymphatic Obstruction in POTS, CFS, and Long COVID: A Call for Integrated Therapeutic Approaches

Mast Cell Activation as a Driver of Central Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia

Neurovascular-Endocrine Dysfunction as a Core Axis in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia

Neurometabolic Modelling of PEM and Central Sensitisation

Mould, Sustained Stress, and PTSD Converge on the RAGE–TLR4 Axis: A Unifying Model of Neuroimmune Dysregulation

Locus Coeruleus Hypoperfusion and Noradrenergic Vasospasm: A Central Mechanism in Dysautonomia and Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Intracranial Hypertension, Venous and Lymphatic Flow Dysfunction- the Core Hydraulic Dysfunctions

Hydraulic and Vascular Autonomic Dysregulation in POTS- The Modified Geddes Baroreceptor Hypothesis

Dysautonomia as a Neuroimmune–Metabolic Disorder: A Unified Model Linking TLR4 Activation, Brainstem Hypoxia, and Autonomic Plexus Dysfunction

Coeliac Plexus in POTS : Insights into MALS, SMA and Nutcracker Syndrome in POTS

Cardiac Plexus in POTS- a Central Node in POTS Pathophysiology

Preload Dysfunction in POTS and ME/CFS: The Azygous System, Autonomic Plexii, and Inflammatory Pathways

Autonomic Dysregulation: A Systems-Level Integration of Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Plexus Dysfunction, and Immune-Metabolic Crosstalk in Dysautonomia

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Dysfunction as a Central Driver of Mitochondrial Failure and Autonomic Instability in POTS, CFS/ME, Long COVID and Gulf War Syndrome

Dysautonomia in Clinical Practice

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Autonomic Assessment

Long COVID Investigations

Head Pressure and Pulsatile Tinnitus in Long COVID and POTS

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Abdominal Vascular Compression Syndromes and the Functional Continuum in Dysautonomia

RAGE–TLR4–NF-κB–CCL2 Looping Activation in Long COVID and Sensitization Syndromes

QT Prolongation in COVID and Long COVID

POTS Management in General Practice

Malignancy Risk in Long COVID

Intracranial Fluid Dynamics and Structural Influences

Integrated Immune and Metabolic Dysfunction in POTS and Long COVID

Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology

Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS

Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS,CFS, Fibromyalgia, Long COVID and GWS -a Key Role

POTS Part 2 Pathophysiology

POTS Part 5 Comorbidities

POTS Part 4 Symptoms

POTS Part 3 Activators

POTS Part 1: Epidemiology and Overview

GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID

Heat and Cold Intolerance

Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-

Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID

Amino Acid, Essential Vitamin and Mineral Burn off in Post Exertional Malaise

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Mermaid Central Medical Clinic Research Sharing research in Long COVID, POTS, fibromyalgia and other areas

Origin of Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS and Long COVID: A Dual-Gate Hypothesis Linking Mechanical and Molecular Initiation

Malignancy Risk in Long COVID

Telmisartan and Candesartan in Mitigating Cognitive Impairment in Long COVID

The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification

Managing POTS

DNA Mutations that Underpin POTS and Long Covid

DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid-Practitioner version MCAS Conference- April 2 2023-

DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid- Patient version-MCAS Conference- April 2 2023

Articles Categories

Articles List

The Systemic Consequences of STAT3 Dysregulation in Long COVID:

Long COVID and Autism Spectrum Disorder- a Shared Pathophysiology-

Long COVID Progression- the Transitioning of Cytokine Dysregulation to Cellular Suicide

Extracellular Matrix Toxicity and Post-Exertional Malaise

Fascial-Lymphatic Obstruction and Brainstem Hypoxia in Long COVID and POTS

Origin of Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS and Long COVID: A Dual-Gate Hypothesis Linking Mechanical and Molecular Initiation

Malignancy Risk in Long COVID

POTS Comorbidities- by Functional Domain

RAGE: A Central Amplifier in POTS

POTS Activators – Clinical Overview with Mechanistic Insights

POTS Symptoms Overview

Telmisartan and Candesartan in Mitigating Cognitive Impairment in Long COVID

Lymphatic Obstruction in POTS, CFS, and Long COVID: A Call for Integrated Therapeutic Approaches

Mast Cell Activation as a Driver of Central Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia

Neurovascular-Endocrine Dysfunction as a Core Axis in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia

Neurometabolic Modelling of PEM and Central Sensitisation

Mould, Sustained Stress, and PTSD Converge on the RAGE–TLR4 Axis: A Unifying Model of Neuroimmune Dysregulation

Locus Coeruleus Hypoperfusion and Noradrenergic Vasospasm: A Central Mechanism in Dysautonomia and Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Intracranial Hypertension, Venous and Lymphatic Flow Dysfunction- the Core Hydraulic Dysfunctions

Hydraulic and Vascular Autonomic Dysregulation in POTS- The Modified Geddes Baroreceptor Hypothesis

Dysautonomia as a Neuroimmune–Metabolic Disorder: A Unified Model Linking TLR4 Activation, Brainstem Hypoxia, and Autonomic Plexus Dysfunction

Coeliac Plexus in POTS : Insights into MALS, SMA and Nutcracker Syndrome in POTS

Cardiac Plexus in POTS- a Central Node in POTS Pathophysiology

Preload Dysfunction in POTS and ME/CFS: The Azygous System, Autonomic Plexii, and Inflammatory Pathways

Autonomic Dysregulation: A Systems-Level Integration of Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Plexus Dysfunction, and Immune-Metabolic Crosstalk in Dysautonomia

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Dysfunction as a Central Driver of Mitochondrial Failure and Autonomic Instability in POTS, CFS/ME, Long COVID and Gulf War Syndrome

Dysautonomia in Clinical Practice

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Autonomic Assessment

Long COVID Investigations

Head Pressure and Pulsatile Tinnitus in Long COVID and POTS

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Abdominal Vascular Compression Syndromes and the Functional Continuum in Dysautonomia

RAGE–TLR4–NF-κB–CCL2 Looping Activation in Long COVID and Sensitization Syndromes

QT Prolongation in COVID and Long COVID

POTS Management in General Practice

Malignancy Risk in Long COVID

Intracranial Fluid Dynamics and Structural Influences

Integrated Immune and Metabolic Dysfunction in POTS and Long COVID

Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology

Beyond the Symptoms: Targeting Underlying Mechanisms in POTS

Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS,CFS, Fibromyalgia, Long COVID and GWS -a Key Role

POTS Part 2 Pathophysiology

POTS Part 5 Comorbidities

POTS Part 4 Symptoms

POTS Part 3 Activators

POTS Part 1: Epidemiology and Overview

GABA dysfunction in POTS, Long COVID, Fibromyalgia and Long COVID

Heat and Cold Intolerance

Targeting the Perfect Storm- Amino Acid Dysfunction in Post Exertional Malaise-

Brainstem Hypoperfusion, Coat hanger pain and Post-Exertional Malaise in POTS and Long COVID

Amino Acid, Essential Vitamin and Mineral Burn off in Post Exertional Malaise

Mermaid Central Medical Clinic Research

Sharing research in Long COVID, POTS, fibromyalgia and other areas