RAGE–TLR4–NF-κB–CCL2 Looping Activation in Long COVID and Sensitization Syndromes
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Overview: In Long COVID, POTS, and ME/CFS, chronic inflammation is sustained not by acute infection, but by...
Graham Exelby
2 min read
QT Prolongation in COVID and Long COVID
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Overview: QT prolongation reflects delayed myocardial repolarization and increases the risk of ventricular...
Graham Exelby
2 min read
Integrated Immune and Metabolic Dysfunction in POTS and Long COVID
Mechanistic Framework for Clinical Understanding Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Overview: POTS and Long COVID share a complex clinical...
Graham Exelby
2 min read


Hypoxia-Driven RAGE Activation: A Core Pathophysiology
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Hypoxia-induced RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) activation emerges as a unifying...
Graham Exelby
19 min read
Heat and Cold Intolerance
Dr Graham Exelby December 2024 Temperature intolerance is a common symptom in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and often...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
The Genetic Basis to Improving Toxin Detoxification
Your genetics determine if the body can clear toxins efficiently. Dr Valerio Vittone (PH.D) January 2023 Clearance of toxic compounds...
Graham Exelby
7 min read


Intra-Abdominal Vascular Compression Syndromes
Dr Graham Exelby January 2024 Looking closely at causes for autonomic dysfunction, there are quite a number of areas where compression of...
Graham Exelby
18 min read


The Glymphatic System
Glymphatic System (or glymphatic clearance pathway or paravascular system) Dr Graham Exelby. January 2024- Currently under revision...
Graham Exelby
33 min read


DNA Mutations in POTS and Long Covid-Practitioner version MCAS Conference- April 2 2023-
By Dr Valerio Vittone Screendumps from Dr Vittone's presentation at the MCAS Conference April 2023
Graham Exelby
1 min read


Nigella Sativa in COVID
Black seed or N. sativa that belongs to the Ranunculacea family has a rich historical and religious background. It is native to southwest...
Graham Exelby
13 min read


Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
Dr Graham Exelby May 2024 Currently being revised to incorporate the use of nicotinamide in amino acid dysfunction Nicotinamide...
Graham Exelby
8 min read
Low Dose Naltrexone, Ketotifen and other Mast Cell Treatments
Dr Graham Exelby May 2024 This is part of a personal management protocol in POTS, Long Covid and other MCAS-associated conditions. There...
Graham Exelby
12 min read


Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (incorporating Costoclavicular Syndrome)
Dr Graham Exelby revised December 2023 Acknowledgment: this article has been produced with a large contribution by Kjetil Larsen. His...
Graham Exelby
24 min read
A 50 Year Journey in Medicine
Dr Graham Exelby revised December 2024 As I finish 51 years in medicine (45 years in general practice), experience has taught me that we...
Graham Exelby
3 min read




























