Pericyte and Astrocyte Dysfunction in Long COVID: Key Insights for Family Physicians
Author: Based on original work by Dr Graham Exelby Date: September 05, 2025 Purpose: This summary distils the complex role of...
Graham Exelby
3 min read
Long COVID Beyond the Acute Phase: Key Insights for General Practitioners
Author: Based on original work by Dr Graham Exelby, revised by Dr Valerio Vittone (PhD), reviewed by Dr Jonathon Jenkins Date:...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
Long COVID: Inflammation, Hypoxia, Pericytes, Astrocytes, and Chronic Disease – A Patient Guide
Author: Based on original works by Dr Graham Exelby, Dr Valerio Vittone (PhD) Date: September 05, 2025 Purpose: This guide combines...
Graham Exelby
4 min read
Azygous Vein Dysfunction in POTS
Results of supine and standing echocardiography Dr Graham Exelby August 2025 As we start seeing clear echocardiographic evidence of...
Graham Exelby
2 min read
The Systemic Consequences of STAT3 Dysregulation in Long COVID:
A Unifying Molecular Pathway Across Malignancy, Autoimmunity, and Immune Dysregulation Dr Graham Exelby June 2025- revised September 2025...
Graham Exelby
6 min read
Long COVID and Autism Spectrum Disorder- a Shared Pathophysiology-
The Role of the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle, Inflammation and Hypoxia Dr Graham Exelby June 2025 Abstract Long COVID and Autism Spectrum...
Graham Exelby
6 min read
Extracellular Matrix Toxicity and Post-Exertional Malaise
- The Role of Fascial-Lymphatic Obstruction and Brainstem Hypoxia in Long COVID and POTS Dr Graham Exelby June 2025 Abstract: Emerging...
Graham Exelby
3 min read
Fascial-Lymphatic Obstruction and Brainstem Hypoxia in Long COVID and POTS
Dr Graham Exelby June 2025- a Preliminary paper Abstract: Emerging clinical observations suggest that post-exertional malaise (PEM) in...
Graham Exelby
2 min read
Origin of Brainstem Hypoperfusion in POTS and Long COVID: A Dual-Gate Hypothesis Linking Mechanical and Molecular Initiation
Dr. Graham Exelby June 2025- a Preliminary Paper Abstract Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) frequently presents after...
Graham Exelby
9 min read
POTS Comorbidities- by Functional Domain
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract: This paper provides a structured overview of comorbid conditions observed in clinical POTS practice,...
Graham Exelby
5 min read
RAGE: A Central Amplifier in POTS
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Introduction Chronic hypoxia is a powerful initiator of immune dysregulation, neurovascular injury, and...
Graham Exelby
13 min read
POTS Symptoms Overview
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Introduction Chronic multisystem conditions such as Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Long...
Graham Exelby
7 min read
Lymphatic Obstruction in POTS, CFS, and Long COVID: A Call for Integrated Therapeutic Approaches
- Unblocking the Invisible Network: Fascia, Mast Cells, and the Clinical Relevance of Lymphatic Obstruction in Complex Syndromes Dr...
Graham Exelby
16 min read
Mast Cell Activation as a Driver of Central Sensitization in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia
Mechanistic Hypotheses and the Role of Collagenase and RAGE Activation Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Mast cell activation is...
Graham Exelby
9 min read
Neurovascular-Endocrine Dysfunction as a Core Axis in POTS, Long COVID, and Fibromyalgia
The interplay between intracranial venous congestion, brainstem hypoperfusion, and HPA axis dysfunction Dr Graham Exelby May 2025...
Graham Exelby
18 min read
Neurometabolic Modelling of PEM and Central Sensitisation
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Post-exertional malaise (PEM) and central sensitization are defining features of POTS, ME/CFS, Long...
Graham Exelby
10 min read
Mould, Sustained Stress, and PTSD Converge on the RAGE–TLR4 Axis: A Unifying Model of Neuroimmune Dysregulation
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Chronic mould exposure, sustained psychological stress, and PTSD have emerged as key environmental...
Graham Exelby
40 min read
Locus Coeruleus Hypoperfusion and Noradrenergic Vasospasm: A Central Mechanism in Dysautonomia and Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Brainstem hypoperfusion is increasingly recognized as a unifying feature in dysautonomic syndromes...
Graham Exelby
17 min read
Intracranial Hypertension, Venous and Lymphatic Flow Dysfunction- the Core Hydraulic Dysfunctions
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), particularly in the context of Long COVID, ME/CFS,...
Graham Exelby
56 min read
Hydraulic and Vascular Autonomic Dysregulation in POTS- The Modified Geddes Baroreceptor Hypothesis
Dr Graham Exelby May 2025 Abstract Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) reflects a multifactorial disruption of vascular,...
Graham Exelby
10 min read
